Conditional Sentences

They are used to talk about things that can only happen under certain conditions.

They are made up of two clauses – one main clause and one subordinate clause.

The subordinate clause is introduced by if and states the condition. The main clause gives the result of the conclusion.

If the main clause begins the sentence, there is no comma.

She will buy ice cream if she goes to the store.

If the subordinate clause begins the sentence, use a comma.

If she goes to the store, she will buy ice cream

Conditional sentences express three kinds of meaning relationships: factual, predictive, and imaginative.

Factual - Generalizations include facts that are always true and never change, and they include present or past habitual activities that are or were usually true.

Tense: Same tense (usually simple present or simple past) in both clauses.
If you pour oil into water, it floats.
If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
If he ate breakfast, he felt better all day.
If it rained, They got wet.

Predictive - Predictive conditional sentences usually contain present tense in the if-clause and will or be going to in the result clause. However, modals of prediction ( shall, may, or might for example) can be used in the result clause to express certainty.
Tense: Present tense in the if-clause and will or be going to in the result clause. The main clause may also use modal helping verbs may, shall, or might with the present form of any verb.

If you heat water to 100°C, it will boil.
If you pour oil into water, the oil is going to float.

Imaginative - Imaginative conditional sentences can express hypothetical or contrary-to-fact events or states.
Tense: The verb in the if clause is in the past tense and the verb in the main clause is in the conditional (could or would + V)
The verb in the if clause is in the past perfect tense and the verb in the main clause is in the perfect conditional ( would have or could have + the past participle of the V)

If I were a bird, I would soar high in the sky.
If I had wings, I would (or could) fly.
If it were raining, the streets would be wet.
If I were you, I would not do that.

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